The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Essay Example for Free

The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Essay The 68-620 Roles and Relationship John Kirton Director, 68 Research Group; Co-director, 620 Research Group john. [emailprotected] ca Paper prepared for a panel on The Future of the 68 and 620 Possible Scenarios at an expert seminar on The Future of the 68 and 620, sponsored by the Universiteit Gent and Egmont, Fondation Universitaire/universitaire Stichting, Brussels, April 26, 2010. Version of May 13, 2010. Introduction Now that the Group of Twenty (620) summit has arisen as the self-proclaimed permanent, premier forum for international economic governance, a lively debate as erupted about its relationship with the old Group of Eight (68) and the role of both bodies in the years ahead. Many assume or argue that the 68 will and should fade away, fast, and the 620 assume all the broad agenda and functions the former has long had. Far fewer assert openly that that the new and diverse 620 may itself fade away along with the galvanizing economic crisis that gave it birth, leaving the 68 with its inner Group of Seven (67) finance ministers to continue as the global steering group that counts. Given the durability of international institutions, it is more likely hat both, rather than either or neither, will continue for the foreseeable future, in a relationship that could take several forms. The major possibilities are competition, passive mutual coexistence by dividing up the global policy agenda and governance functions, or active cooperation that brings the comparative advantage of each to reap the global governance synergies that await (Kirton 2009). After less than two years of 620 summitry, it is still too soon to conclude with complete confidence which scenario will spring to life. But there is already substantial evidence to suggest that he system is moving toward synergistic cooperation between the two Gs that will strengthen each and both in the medium term. The global demand for governance is pulling the system in that direction and the old 68 great powers and new G20-only systemically significant ones are starting to supply that demand by working together in this way. However, its realization will take smart, strategic leadership from the 68 and G20s coming hosts and chairs, starting with Canada in June 2010. And if they provide it properly, in the longer term, the 68 and its 620 creation could become one, nited above all by the values that the G8 has successfully pioneered since its start. The Strengthening Success of the 68 and 620 Summits The prospect that both the 68 and 620 summits will continue rests in the first instance on the fact that few international institutions, even informal plurilateral, globally-relevant summit-level ones, tend to fade away. As Appendix A exhibits, many such institutions show impressive longevity, dating back a century or more. The 68, born in 1975, is one of the oldest such bodies of global relevance and reach. After 36 years in operation, it is unlikely to disappear soon. Kirton: The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Moreover, as Appendix B indicates, the G8 shows a substantial and strengthening performance over these years on all six dominant dimensions of governance which such bodies are expected to perform. It has an improving and now respectable record in delivering its commitments, by having its members comply with them within the year after they are made. It has also become, from its summit centre, a full-strength governance system, with a broad array of G8-centred bodies at the ministerial, official and civil society levels below. There are no signs that it is a global overnance system on the wane. The 620, in its first two years of summit life, also shows signs of strengthening, even if it is still far less potent in its performance than the 68 has become. The 620 has beaten the 68 in the frequency of its summit meetings † having had five scheduled within its first two calendar years. Yet, as Appendix C shows, on all six dimensions of global governance, the 620 remains far behind the 68. 620 summits last about half as long as 68 ones, generate only one- third as many decisional commitments, and have a compliance record that, while still n the positive range, is well behind that of the 68 and of the 68 members within the 620 itself. The future demand for global governance thus seems likely to be met by both bodies, rather than either or neither. In the case of the latter scenario, it is striking how the successful MEF/M-16 that arose as a core component of the last two 68 summits has disappeared from the 2010 one, even with the failure of the UNs Copenhagen COPMOP to effectively deal with climate change. The traditional preference of France and a few others for a 613 is voiced far less frequently now, ven as Frances turn to host both the 68 and 620 summits in 2011 draws near. The group of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC), now having had two summits, remain largely members of both the 620 and G8 and have expressed support for the 620 itself. Shaping the G8-G20 Relationship If both bodies seem likely to continue and even strengthen, then given their high similarity in membership/participation, top tier plurilateralism, informality, summit centricity and global governance orientation, they will increasingly need to define and develop the relationship between the two. In the realm of competition there have been few substantial signs of rivalry. There is an ongoing desire on the part of several, largely Asian members that 620 summits precede 68 ones each year, to avoid any impression that the old 68 club is pre-defining or dictating to the newer, broader 620 one. But here the 67/8 has prevailed, in holding its June 2010 summit before the 620 one, in holding the 67 finance ministers meeting in late April 2010 just before the 620 one at the semi-annual Bank-Fund meetings in Washington, and thus far for 2011 in France, having the 68 summit in its normal summer slot receding the 620 in newly normal (for leaders but not finance ministers) November one. There has been only minor competition over issues each wish to take up, with a Sherpa-level tussle over which group will speak about the Haitian earthquake on January 12, 2010, serving as the major case to date. 2 Passive mutual coexistence is more evident, especially in dividing up the global policy agenda so that the 620 governs finance and economics and the 68 social, political and security issues. It is striking how easily the 68 in 2010, if not in 2009 has abandoned its finance and economic agenda in favour of the 620.

Romeo and Juliet: Act 1 Scene 5 Essay -- English Literature Essays

Romeo and Juliet: Act 1 Scene 5 In William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, about two love struck teenagers whom aren’t able to be together due to their families feud/ social situation. There are two key themes that of love and hate. Before Romeo and Juliet meet, the audience is only aware that he is a Montague and that she is a Capulet. This adds to the scene being so dramatically effective as do other happenings throughout the length of the scene. These include the speech of Capulet and the happy and joyous mood of the party, The romantic speech of Romeo, The hatred and harshness of Tybalt’s speech, a direct contrast with that of Romeo’s and the drama when the two lovers, Romeo and Juliet first meet. At the start of Act 1 scene 5, Capulet turns to the maskers at the ball and delivers a speech rather jokingly tell all to enjoy the night and dance to the music. This speech is important as it lets the Audience know and that this night is a happy and joyous occasion. As a reader or observer you feel Capulet is happy, because the event is just for Capulet’s. He and the others feel only happy when they’re with their own kind, this adds to the dramatic effectiveness of the scene because as an audience member you are now even more aware of the great tension that is waiting to explode between the houses of Capulet and Montague. This joyous occasion is also of stark contrast to the fighting at the beginning of the play. More important speeches are made including that of Rom...

Crime and Interview Essay

In addition, the culture of the company may also be one of the most decisive factors in the choice of the employers. For this reason, during the interview the above knowledge may as well help employees to attract the interviewers. Secondly, practicing before going to the interview is very important. After having well understood almost everything about the company, employers should practice some typical questions with a friends. They can interview each other to have a good reaction to some unexpected questions that might be raised during the talks. Moreover, they can also use a mirror or tape recorder to practice themselves. After finishing this step, employees will talk fluently so that they can have high appreciation from the interviewers. Last but not least, the employees should check everything again carefully on the day before the interview. The white, pale blue or pale yellows are the best shirts for an interview. Besides, they must have polished dress shoes. Everyone who wants to wear a suit, it must be conservative and below knee-length. A good-looking appearance will have a good first impression on the interviewers. In addition, they must check the traffic routes to make sure the timetable, practice again and get a good night sleep. They should relax and keep calm as it is very necessary. In conclusion, if people want to get a good position in a big company, they should follow the three above works, as these are the most effective and important in the preparation for an interview. These will help them to be more confident and have bigger opportunity to apply for their favorite job. Nguyen Thi Le Thuy – Writing Experience 3 Having a good interview is a stepping stone of having a good job. However, there are some methods that would be hardly known by people. This essay above pointed three important works you should prepare before going to an interview. Easily to be seen that the topic of the essay is how to have a good interview for a job. The writer wrote this essay in the form of an example essay. In this example essay, the writer’s main idea is three main works people should do before the interview. The introduction begins with the first paragraph that has a strong thesis statement â€Å"It is necessary for people to know the preparation for the interview including three main works†. There are three main supporting ideas. The first point is research the company. With this point, she demonstrated by an example. The second is practice before going to the interview. In this advice, the writer showed the reason why they should practice before going to the interview. The final point is check everything carefully before the interview. The writer also give some ideas about clothes we should wear, timetable and have a good sleep before the interview. The linking words used in the essay is quite rare â€Å" Therefore, in addition, for example, moreover†. On the other hand, these linking words is used quite appropriate. In the conclusion, the essay ends with a strong conclusion paragraph that provided insight on the thesis statement. â€Å"In conclusion, if people want to get a good position in a big company, they should follow the three above works, as these are the most effective and important in the preparation for an interview†. To sum up, this essay obviously have a clear outline. Ideas is arranged quite logic and appropriate. Although the linking words and example are used rarely, the ideas still connect fluently. Section B. A research essay Abstract : Capital punishment  or the  death penalty  is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the  state  as a punishment for a crime. The judicial decree that someone be punished in this manner is a  death sentence, while the actual process of killing the person is an  execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as  capital crimes  or  capital offences. Capital punishment has, in the past, been practised by most societies;  currently 58 nations actively practise it, and 97 countries have abolished it (the remainder have not used it for 10 years or allow it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). It is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states, and positions can vary within a single  political ideology  or cultural region. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world’s population live in countries where executions take place. Keywords : capital punishment, death penalty, crimes, abolish Outline : I. Introduction : Thesis statement: Many feel that all civilized communities should abolish the death penalty. II. Body – Wrongful execution – Closure family – Discrimination III. Conclusion Abolishing Capital punishment : A controversial issue In all societies, many cases occur where a criminal must be punished, so that they can be taught a lesson, and they can stop committing crimes. There are many different ways of punishing criminals: one is the death penalty. The issue of the death penalty has been avidly discussed throughout history. Some people support the idea of the death penalty, since they say it is only fair for one to forfeit their life if they take the life of another. Others feel that the death penalty is not fair, and fear that many innocents have been penalized for something they did not do. The issue of capital punishment deals with the moral issues of many people with different opinions within a community. It is a cruel punishment, and many have stated that legal systems should be able to devise another punishment to replace it. Prejudice is present in cases involving the death penalty. Many feel that all civilized communities should abolish the death penalty. First of all, it can seem dreadfully unfair to the families of those found to be innocent after the fact, if they are executed for crimes they did not do. If the Courts of Justice were to misjudge a person and claim them to be guilty, they cannot repair their mistake once that innocent person is dead. Executing an innocent is just as wrongful as any murder committed by in public. Perhaps it can also be considered murder if the jury causes the death of an innocent. Francois Robespierre, a well-known French revolutionist, once said, â€Å"Human judgments are never so certain as to permit society to kill a human being judged by other human beings. Why deprive ourselves of any chance to redeem such errors? † (Goldenman 1998). It is unjust for anyone to make judgments about others, and to decide whether they should live or die. Courts of Justice are known to make numbers of errors, which means it is unreasonable to allow defendants with the least doubt of guilt to be sentenced to death. John Stuart Mill, the famous philosopher, wrote that capital punishment – another term used for the death penalty – is a wrong done to innocents. It is impossible to restitute all wrongful executions ever made. â€Å"If by an error of justice an innocent person is put to death, the mistake can never be corrected; all compensation, all reparation for the wrong is impossible. (Blacks 1999). The courts of justice and all legislative bodies bear the onus, and should regard it with great respect, because if they do not, they become no different from wrong-doers in society who commit the crime of taking another’s life. It is a grave mistake to consider the death penalty as the main method to solve cases, or the best way to discourage crime, because wrongful convictions do occur, and it has been shown that the institution of the death penalty is no great disincentive. There are other methods of punishment, such a long prison terms, which can serve to exact reparation for heinous crimes. The first cause of wrongful convictions is faulty or false information given by witnesses. For example, a US Army Sergeant, named Timothy Hennis, was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in South Carolina in 1986. One witness said he saw Hennis at the site of the murder, but the witness had mistaken Hennis for someone who looked like him. Some witnesses lie to ensure the defendant is convicted of murder. This usually happens when the actual killer attempts to shift the blame to someone else, so they can get away with it. In most cases, it is rather difficult to tell who the murderer is, and is based most frequently on who can tell the most persuading story to police. Because of this, the death penalty is the worst solution in most cases, because it does little to solve the case in a more clement way. Secondly, a great number of people consider capital punishment an evil act, because it is a cruel punishment exacted without just cause. It is might seem prudent to punish murderers with death because it tortures them, but their families, and the victims’ families, might think differently. The horror of a sentence of execution is compounded by years of waiting. Death row inmates are kept in solitary cells, where they are likely to be confined for twenty-three hours of each day. Interaction with others is kept to a minimum. Perhaps this kind of treatment might be punishment enough. Many consider the ultimate form of punishment as no disincentive for the crime of murder, and feel it increases killing, rather than diminishes it. They also hold it to be morally wrong. There are many difficult issues to deal with after a death sentence, which puts the family of the convicted person into as much discomfort and strife as the sentenced person. The most horrifying part is that they are constantly reminded of what will happen. The horrors of execution, the preparation for it, the psychological infliction of pain and the actual means of execution are considered by many to be barbaric. A whole sector of the community feels that it is an evil act to have any person put into that circumstance. â€Å"In criminal justice, combining this kind of ritualism with killing is considered an aggravation of murder. Yet this is the kind of death the state imposes on those it executes. Black 1998)† To punish evil with evil, the writer continues, and to exact an eye for an eye, and measure for measure, is to become as callous as the criminals. The last point, discrimination is also created by dint of the death penalty. In some cases, the court is prejudiced against the defendant. The reasons for their prejudice might be what they consider ignorance, racial bias, or poverty, as well as other undesirable traits. These characteristics can affect the way a judge and jury adjudicates the defendant. The family of a convicted person is also made to suffer from referred guilt and connectedness to crime, which is rarely repairable. Race is often an issue. Clarence Brandley, a black school janitor, was convicted in 1981 and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a white high school girl in Conroe, Texas. He was told by the police officer that since he was black, he had to be guilty of the murder. Judge Pickett stated about the case, â€Å"The conclusion is inescapable that the investigation was not conducted to solve the crime, but to convict Brandley† (Goldenman 1998). Prejudice in the court case proceedings has often contributed to the execution of many innocent people. Many supporters of the death penalty argue that it will deter violent crime. Dudley Sharp(2000) states, â€Å"The incapacitation effect saves lives – that is, that by executing murderers you prevent others from murdering, thereby saving an innocent life. The evidence of this is conclusive and incontrovertible. † People of this opinion believe that murderers would think twice before killing, because they fear death. This idea has been shown to be entirely false. Murderers rarely consider the consequences before they commit a crime. If all murderers think of the consequences before they kill, the murder rate would be lower in legislative areas where the death penalty exists. In fact, it has been shown that murder incidence remains the same when regions that carry the death penalty are compared with those with no form of capital punishment. There is no conclusive evidence to prove that the death penalty deters crime. To sum up, it does make sense that all criminals should be penalized to preserve peace and justice. Murderers are criminals, and deserve to be punished for their crime, but not with their own death. The death penalty has many flaws. Innocent people can lose their lives for crimes of which they bear no blame. The death penalty is considered to be highly immoral. It is a form of cruel and unusual punishment. People suffer greatly, both emotionally and physically, before their execution, and their families likewise. Capital punishment is not an antidote for violent crime. It is perfectly possible to deprive murderers of their freedom and throw them in prison for the rest of their natural lives. References Curry, Tim. Cutting the Hangman’s Noose: African Initiatives to Abolish the Death Penalty. (Archive)  American UniversityWashington College of Law. Gaie, Joseph B. R (2004). The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment  : a philosophical discussion. Kluwer Academic. ISBN  1-4020-1764-2. Dudley Sharp (2002). Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries. Amnesty International. Law Center June 25 Francois Robespierre (1998). The Dealthe Penalty : Three things you should know. Goldenman Johnson, David T. ; Zimring, Franklin E. (2009). The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in  Asia. Oxford University Press. ISBN  978-0-19-533740-2. John Stuart Mill (1999). International Polls and Studies. The Death Penalty Center Judge Pickett . Juvenille Execution. The Commandments, Neg. Comm. 290, at 269–271 (Charles B. Chavel trans. , 1967). Kronenwetter, Michael (2001). Capital punishment: a reference handbook  (2nd ed. ). ABC-CLIO. ISBN  1-57607-432-3. Kronenwetter, Michael (2001). Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook  (2 ed. ). ABC-CLIO. ISBN  978-1-57607-432-9. McCafferty, James A (2010). Capital Punishment. AldineTransaction. ISBN  978-0-202-36328-8. Mandery,  Evan J  (2005). Capital punishment: a balanced examination. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN  0-7637-3308-3. Marzilli, Alan (2008). Capital Punishment – Point-counterpoint(2nd ed. ). Chelsea House. ISBN  978-0-7910-9796-0. Mary E. William (2006) . The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoint. San Diego Timothy Brook, Gregory Blue (1905). Death by a Thousand Cuts. The Times higher Education. Woolf, Alex (2004). World issues – Capital Punishment. Chrysalis Education. ISBN  1-59389-155-5. Simon, Rita (2007). A comparative analysis of capital punishment  : statutes, policies, frequencies, and public attitudes the world over. Lexington Books. ISBN  0-7391-2091-3. List of people who were beheaded

Creative Writing A Short Story - 1143 Words

â€Å" Sophia, you can’t just there all day.† â€Å"I’ve done it before. Never underestimate my ability to procrastinate.† I suddenly looked up from the beloved book in my hand as the words all melted together. The slightest bump in the road felt like a gigantic earthquake within every vehicle, especially Jennifer’s, who I was trapped with right now. The car’s stereo was softly humming calm, almost stress relieving music. Every once in awhile her crimson nails would tap the steering wheel making me agitated. Trees drifted by the window at a far distance. My mind wandered into deep and shallow thoughts as I gazed out the clear surface. My senses were suddenly alerted when Jennifer made a quick turn and cussed under her breath. Jennifer has been†¦show more content†¦My eyes didn’t focus on any particular thing, they just wandered around not really looking at anything. I was just waiting to get to my second home, where I can see the love and light of my life, Aiden. I can already feel the butterflies swarming in my stomach just thinking about seeing him again. I’m of course lucky because my best friend Jennifer is Aidens sister. It’s like having the full package. I get to hang out with my only best friend and Aiden. I couldn’t imagine my life without those two. The butterflies in my stomach were starting a storm. I just wanted to get to Aiden’s house. Just thinking about seeing him again brought a smile to my face. Aiden is one of that only people that actually seeked interest in me. He is my first boyfriend, granted we haven’t done anything yet. I want to wait and have my first and special time when its not rushed. I want to be able to take my time and spend that moment with that special person. Instead of the scenery just being trees, houses started popping up out of the blue. They were all gorgeous compared to the crummy shack called a house that I live in. All the houses in the area had huge windows with shutters of every color. The house colors varied from creamy whites to royal blues. There were flowers of all colors surrounding every hour including large, trimmed, bushes. You could tell people really wanted their houses to look good here. Jennifer took a sharp turn, leaving on the street that their house wasShow MoreRelatedCreative Writing : A Short Story1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe girls sat seperated in two stark, cold rooms. Each of the girls was sat at a table with a clear plastic cup of water sitting at arm’s length from them, both cups untouched. How could they drink when their best friend was no where to be seen? They had been having an innocent night of fun at Mercedes’ house three weeks ago, the first of many planned for the spring break, watching movies on Netflix and eating a pizza they ordered. The night was full of rambling about how classes were, drama floatingRead MoreShort Story : Creative Writing1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn the woods when the sun was just starting to set, there was a van driving on a long-abandoned road, behind the wheel of said van was a tired looking girl who seemed to be about 19. She took a sip of the long cold coffee, and turned to the turquoise haired girl sitti ng next to her. Hey uhhhh Cas, Cassie? Where are we? Noting the headphones, she stopped the car and turned around to inquire of the two boys in the back, Kenny, Timmy, do either of you have an idea where we are? It seems like weveRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1281 Words   |  6 PagesSMACK! I was on my back, peering up at Josh as he laid on top me. â€Å"Gotc....† He begins to say but stopped. The look of victory slowly vanished from his face at the realization of how little space was between us. I could feel his heart hammering in his chest or maybe it was mine. Because, Josh was now searching my eyes as if he was looking for an answer to a question. His lips were only inches from mine and I could feel the heat coming off of them. Everything inside of me screamed to move awayRead MoreShort Story : Creative Writing865 Words   |  4 Pages Brrring! Brrring! Brrring! Brrring! â€Å"What is someone doing calling at 2am† whispers Dave groggily as he wipes his eyes and p icks up the phone. Yawning, somehow he manages to make something comprehendible come out of his mouth, â€Å"Hello? This is Dave speaking.† â€Å"Dave! This is Joe†¦ your old roommate from college. How are you doing?† â€Å"I am doing fine.† says Dave thinking and thinking about who Joe is when suddenly he remembers. At that moment he groans but manages to put out a polite response,Read MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1037 Words   |  5 PagesThere she goes again. Mother can’t ever mind her own business, Seriously will it kill her to just leave her thoughts to herself. Little Mike came up tugging at her sleeve, his soft little fingers grasping at the cloth, a pull then another. â€Å"Yes sweetheart.† Mike looked at her, his finger pointed forwards, just at the edge of my vision. â€Å"It’s our turn now mommy.† She looked up; Mike quickly ran forward. â€Å"Woah slow down buddy, you can’t walk away by yourself.† Mike came to a sudden stop;he turned toRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhen their parents entered their room, Charlie watched as Maggie walked to the window and kept her back to them. They could al l tell she was upset about something. Looking at Elliot, she pushed herself up further in the bed, as Callum grabbed Ian and took a seat on the chair next to her. Ben clasped his hands in front of him as he took a deep breath. â€Å"Ive been asked to stay here in order to help Rachel on her work supplying the Republic with power. I plan on asking Miles to let all of you andRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1148 Words   |  5 Pagesbench nearby. And that’s what she was doing now. She sighed and stood up to go home. The next day she went to school and her best friend Sarina asked, â€Å"What’s wrong?† She then told her the whole story as she didn’t know what happened yesterday because she was absent. Hearing the story she said, â€Å" It’s a good thing that I upgraded my remote few days ago. You should go to the remote shop today after school.† Then they both went to class. When Maya entered her first class she saw Tasha andRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1583 Words   |  7 Pagesforbid, if you don’t find it within two seconds, then youre most definitely an incompetent driver. Almost needless to say, Jason didn’t follow in the outlier’s footsteps, and he aced the questionnaire. Though he did take note that his examiner was creative with her questions. She was probably was deeply saddened that there wasn’t a convoluted touch screen to inquire about, Jason thought to himself. Finally all the formalities were complete, consequently, he took a second to get himself mentally, andRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1440 Words   |  6 PagesPayday arrived for both me and Patsy, giving us the opportunity to attend the luxurious cinema and a wider variety of movies. As we stand before the array of movie posters, deciding between an action or comedy, somehow, how conversation shifts over to John. â€Å"He was so excited about the other night,† says Patsy. I abandon the posters and give her a questioning look. â€Å"About what?† â€Å"Well, first of all spending the evening with you, and then because you hugged him the way you did.† She taps her fingerRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1615 Words   |  7 Pagestown to barter, we’ll ask around.† Shocked that her husband knows about Miles tattoo on her arm, Rachel clings to him in the silence, her mind racing at the possible implications. XXX Rachel sits stunned at the table, listening to Ben relay the story that he’s heard over and over in the village nearest to the house they’ve decided to ride out the winter in. â€Å"Soul Marks? How is that possible? These are just replicas of tattoos,† she replies with a disbelieving shake of her head. Ben shrugged