The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Art in Fashion Essay Fashion is a state of mind. A spirit, an extension of ones self. Fashion talks, it can be an understated whisper, a high-energy scream or an all knowing wink and a smile. Principally fashion is about being comfortable with what you are, translating self-esteem into a personal style. Furthermore, art and design were more directly tied at the turn of the twentieth century than they are these days. Artists did not see the dissimilarity among creating an original work of art, such as a painting, and designing a textile pattern that would be reproduced numerous times over. Each was a valid creative act in their eyes. From earliest times, man has changed his clothing often. A phenomenon known as fashion sprang up thousands of years ago. Men and women have tried to wear new things, dissimilar things, clothes that would amaze people or frighten others. To give these people new clothes, other people had to have new ideas, creativity and so were born the first fashion designer around 5,000 years ago. Fashion itself has served as a canvas of purpose for thousands of years. From the delicately gilded armor of crusaders long deceased to the red or blue handkerchiefs that designate gang connection nowadays, fashion has expressed all emotion known to man, yet none so persuasively as conflict. Perhaps the expressions against complacency that are obvious in art are making their way into the world of fashion in preparation for another conflict of sorts, one in which individuals are railing against the societal injustices and political malfeasance of the day. In the late 1920s, a new modernized design aesthetic dubbed Moderne (now known as Art Deco) combined Cubism’s geometric base with supple embellishments. Once more, textile patterns and fashion design echoed the trend. Shiny fabrics merely enhanced the connection with the speed of modern life–and art. The dresses, coats, bathing suits, and evening wraps found in the Tirocchi shop, when placed chronologically, chart for the observer not only the changing silhouette of fashion, nevertheless reflect the fact that fashion was part of an aesthetic that was part and parcel of its time. From the chemise and cloche of the 1920s, echoing Cubist concerns, to the evening dresses of the 1930s, with the body-skimming silhouettes and reflective surfaces, each garment has a particular relationship to the art of its time. Just as the Italian futurists and artists of the Bauhaus in the early part of this century designed clothes that reflected their artworks, so too did the geometric language of Art Deco and Cubism and the paintings of Picasso, Braque and Mondrian, serve as motivation to designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli who come to the forefront of fashion as the Art Deco style began to vanish. Furthermore, one example of art that can be seen in fashion was the collection of Judith Leiber, a leader in couture handbags. She has created more than 3,000 different designs since 1963 and every handbag showed art in very artistic way. Art and fashion have constantly shared an intertwining history and complex visual language, even though fashions influence transcends the white cube of the art gallery or museum space. The language of fashion, whether in the gallery or on the street, offers telling insights into who we were at the beginning of this century, how it has influenced us at the end of this century, and how will affect us in the one to come. In addition, fashion refers to the kinds of clothing that are in a pleasing style at a particular time. At special times in history, fashionable dress has taken extremely different forms. In modern times almost everybody follows fashion to some extent. A young woman would look unusual if she wore the clothing that her grandmother had worn when young. Nevertheless, only a small minority of people dress in the clothing that appears in high-fashion magazines or on fashion-show runways. It is not all the time simple to tell the difference between basic clothing and fashionable clothing. Particularly nowadays, fashion designers frequently use inexpensive and functional items of clothing as inspiration. Blue jeans, for example, originated as functional work clothing for miners and farmers. Yet these days, even people who dress in jeans, T-shirts, and sports clothes might be influenced by fashion. One year, fashionable jeans might have narrow legs; the next year the legs might be baggy. Fashion is art. What ever the designers made is a result of art. Moreover, fashion is something we deal with each day. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes each morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One sure thing in the fashion world is change. We are continually being bombarded with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies as well have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black. Occasionally a trend is world-wide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley. Fashion is a way of self-expression that allows people to try on numerous roles in life. Whether you prefer hip-hop or Chanel-chic, fashion accommodate the chameleon in all of us. Its a means of celebrating the diversity and variety of the world in which we live. Fashion is about change which is essential to keep life interesting. Its as well a mirror of sorts on society. Its a method of measuring a mood that can be helpful in numerous aspects, culturally, socially even psychologically. At the same time, fashion shouldnt be taken too seriously or you lose the fun of it. Â   References: 25 most influential people in fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.time.com/time/europe/fashion/0902/influentials.html Fashion, Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion Fashion: A Presentation on Contemporary concepts of Art and Expression, http://www.students.sbc.edu/hart06/Fashion%20Presentation%20copy/Fashion.htm Judith Leiber, Art in hand: Retrieved on March 12, 2007 at http://www.phxart.org/exhibitions/leiber.asp

Prejudice Paper Essay Example for Free

Prejudice Paper Essay Through our own personal experience, Professor McAuliff would like us to use the topics we discussed throughout the semester to show an understanding of the concepts. Using my experience with prejudice I will be providing how what I learned in the social psychology textbook. Prejudice has been a very relevant topic I have related with throughout my life. In addition to reading and thinking about the concepts covered in the text, an important part of the learning process includes applying these concepts to your own life and experiences. Prejudice is a preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members (Myers). Prejudice is an attitude essentially that can be either positive or negative judgments. More than likely the prejudice someone is faced with is negative. Being that it is an attitude you also have to know about the ABC’s of attitudes. A is for the affect or feelings. B is for the behavior tendency or inclination to act. And C is for the cognitions or beliefs. They also help tie into stereotypes and discrimination. Stereotypes is a negative evaluation in which you generalize the personal attributes of a group. Discrimination is an unjustified behavior toward ones group. Whether it is conscious or automatic prejudice is your quick response to associations. â€Å"Although our [conscious] minds are in the right places and we may truly believe we are not prejudiced, our hearts aren’t quite there yet† (John Dovido, Time, 2009). With so many races in the world, it is often easy to see how quickly we are to label one another. Racial prejudice is Sco? 1 prime example of people labeled what a person should be. It goes far beyond enough for racial prejudice within the same groups some identify themselves with. People tend to point out what is wrong in their group before they admit their wrongs. In some groups you have anti- whatever the group is because a hatred developed from society. Prejudice is spread out throughout the world. Not strictly a racial epidemic it can be anything from youth disliking the elderly to genders disliking genders. It affects everyone the same especially from the negative side. When it is automatic your unconscious associations can be influenced by perceptions and reactions you have. Especially for gender prejudice, the gender role norms come into play. People have ideas on how men and women ought to behave. Often prejudice and stereotype do get confused in this area. Stereotypes only support prejudice beliefs and attitudes are separate. With more separation prejudice has social inequalities. They allow for one group to seek dominance over the other. Making groups break off into a particular status. Creating this social hierarchy that can create hostility amongst groups. Status is looked the most in regards to the negative feeling that appear in prejudice socially. Rich versus the poor is the most common social dominance orientation. The fact of the matter is people want to be on top of the hierarchy. Prejudice coming in so many forms is easy to grasp the idea of it being everywhere. Nothing beats facing prejudice for the first time. As an African American male I have been faced with plenty of different forms of prejudice. I can recall being discriminated against just for being not only black but intelligent within my own group of black people. My very own cousin would tease me and call me a â€Å"white boy†, which I am clearly not, because I was interested in school. I was the first of many of my cousins to graduate high school and instead of being proud me they would tell me I was uppity or not black enough for them. It is very hard when your very own Sco? 2 family doesn’t expect you. I wanted some much to conform to what they did but I wasn’t thety pe of person who wanted to live a life. My cousins definitely are your stereotypical black people. I have found myself in a different social class than them just because I have worked harder than they have to be something more than someone running the streets. I can agree with racial prejudice the author discusses in the textbook because it has yet to die out. However racial prejudice in the black community in my opinion is at an all-time high and very prevalent. Though we have changed since the 1940’s the anti-black prejudices haven’t. Social dominance is felt whether if it is whites being above blacks or other blacks be above other blacks. Prime example is how black rappers spend their money on material items instead of investing or saving just to compete with who have more money or more material items than they do. â€Å"What you want, a Bentley? Fur coat? A diamond chain? All you blacks want all the same things, a line from Kanye West’s song New Slaves. He plays off of the typical stereotypes imposed on the black community, usually considered as hood dreams. Condescendingly, he uses the term â€Å"blacks† as a euphemism and expands on this idea when he says â€Å"I know that we the new slaves† (rapgenius. com, Kanye West, 2013). Prejudice exists in our unconscious and conscious forms. It is a preconceived negative attitude that can affect some of our beliefs. It can arise in a social sources and lead people to split in groups. â€Å"Unequal status breeds prejudice† (Myers). Whether it is implicit or explicit all prejudice can mirrored from group to group. It may be a subtle action, but the small action that creates the worst problems. References Dovidio, John (2009). Prejudice Researcher. TIME. Sco? 3 Myers, D. G. (2013). Social Psychology (11th Ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. RapGenius. com (2013). Kanye West- New Slave Lyrics Sco? 4.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Tesco 1.0 Introduction 1.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR is defined as the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life. http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.. It can also be defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. http://www.emagltd.co.uk/SMMT%20Sustainability%20Business%20Case.pdf Corporate social responsibility is one of the organisation responses to regularise the imbalances resulting from the acceleration of the global contributions to societies where they operate. CSR is the practice of managing the social, environmental and economic impacts of the company, being responsive to stakeholders (those who are affected by a business operation) and behaving according to a set of values which are not codified in law. In practice the term process. http://www.ethicalconsumer.org.uk/magazine/indexes/productindex.htm CSR describes the principle that companies can and should make a positive contribution to society. Refer to a wide range of actions that companies may take, from donating to charity to reducing carbon emissions, Environmental awareness and friendliness http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/ecology/restore.htm. The contributions are of many dimensions but mention in the following line a few: corporate philanthropy Cause-related marketing Sponsoring awards, social and environmental reporting Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement Eco-efficiency, employment diversity business ethics (htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) TASK 1 1.2 The Approach to CSR in TESCO Supermarket TESCO plc could be described as a grocery selling company that is duly register in the groceries market. We shall be looking at the its approaches to issue of csr to its strategies, policies and business practices through its business core value . the definition of the company core value, was dusted to have said â€Å"our core value no one tried harder to customer , and treat people how we like to be treated characterised our approach to Corporate Social Responsibility†. It is the believe of the company that she can achieve most when they work together on practical thing that make a difference. Every little help, can become great deal when everyone pulls in same direction. (: http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.1 Environment. Tesco promote environmental issues through training package in oder to create enough awareness on the issue on environment and to allow the company to maximize its operational effectiveness initiatives 1.2.2 Community. In several attempt to give back to the society where tesco operates tesco create special support for children community based projects and education programmes in order to create a peaceful environment to operate. ./ http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.3 Suppliers ethical trading In other to maintain high ethical standard in it business practices, the company is said to be encouraging a long term trade relationship with supplier with a centralized distribution system with transparency and accountability to promote good quality of rang products and services at competitive pricing. (http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.4 Customers choice and health It promote the health of the customers through the management of customers choices. This cold be confirmed throght the following slogan of commitment and promise of good range of prodct and service: Be Inclusive by: which mean tesco will continue to appeal to a broad range of customers and that the company will offer something for everyone through an extensive product range, offering price and product choice, in food and non-food) ,Be Innovative by leading new customer developments: new product development, retail services and technology,.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.5 People / workers Employee are given opportunities of carrier development programmes through Training and development programme with effective communication to facilitate staffs feedback, ,rewards and benefit are us to motivate workers is based on performances on the job, pension schema, save as you earn, family friendly working through flexible hours of work to accommodate mother education. ( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.2.6 Genetic Modification: removal of GM and increase in non GM option for our customer by adding organic ranges(organic food) ,labeling animal welfare and animal testing by not allowing none of the suppliers is allow to test product on animal but by using known ingredient human volunteer trials, .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) Property :tesco store is usually built with accessing line with the customers comfort and the regulation, landscaping is done with approval by local authority planning department.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 1.3 The Impact of EU Membership on CSR Approach The TESCO CSR as been affected by continued EU membership as the ten point gender were tailored to address the requirement of the EU in terms of social responsibilities that is expected of any company that is operating in their communities. This is to appeal to the society where it operate being a company from non EU country TESCO is a company originated from the non EU, European Union in it full context was established in order to promote economic corporation among the members, by removing trade barriers and also for common external trade policies within the members and the rest of the world. In the other way round, this is has put TESCO under certain law restriction ,even while it deem it fit to exercise its CSR agenda without an EU legal implication, such decision was been confirm recently as the TESCO had place sales embargo or restriction on its purchase from Zimbabwe. In the global content, looking at barrier in different regulation governing business operation around the world, this might render most of the good intention undone. Such differences in regulation is characterised by the imbalance between the developed countries and developing countries as regards how its been governed, especially in the developing countries that lack good governance ,where most of the multinational operate without any or less attention to the environment where they operate . Most importantly the same company might not be able to do it in the developed countries. The cartel formed through any economic union groups such as EU could hinder the implementation of corporate social responsibility .Just as the decision taking by the union superseded that of the company, therefore will not be willing to dam the consequences of being an act against the instruction of the union. TASK2 2.0 THE TESCO POLICIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES 2.1 A. the policies adopted by Tesco on the environmental awareness and the actions to maintain the environment 2.1.1Climate Change Tesco supports the governments commitments to the Kyoto protocol on climate change. It is among of the Tesco targets to reducing its energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.2 Waste Management and Recycling In order to reduce the waste in their operation tesco is committed to reduce level of waste and to encourage recycling programme as much as possible.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). .The supermarkets also have an effective recycling programme in place for its operations which board, and plastic balers in the stores and depots. These balers enable our staff to segregate packaging waste from other waste and mean that Tesco stores send no packaging waste to landfill sites. .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009). the company also make sure that all the waste contractor used are EPA licence 2.1.4 Disposal of used products Tesco have put arrangements in place with specialist contractors to ensure the environmentally compliant disposal of the fluorescent light tubes, tires, batteries and engine oils that tesco use in its business.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) 2.1.5 Plastic Bag Schemes tesco has been working hand in hand with government in supporting the government since it has introduced levels in march 2002. Tesco help in collection the fees and encourage the reuse of the bags.( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.1.6 Customer recycling schemes in order to assist the public to play their own part on the environmental issues Tesco also lunched in store recycling scheme for customer to disposed their mobile phone.where they can also make charity donation or collect club card point on their accounts .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html access on 20th nov.2009) 2.2 B. actions which Tesco has been taken in order to maintain the environment 2.2.1 Revolution in green consumption Tesco have made strides towards a revolution in green consumption incentivising the environmental option and making it more affordable. Through their unique Green Club card scheme, we have reduced carrier bag use by over one billion, more than any other retailer, and we are on track to save an extra billion bags in the next year. 2.2.2 Reduction in c02 emission In a bid to contribute to the reduction of C02 the company has established a target to sell 10 million of energy efficiency light bulbs per anum, to reduce energy consumption by half per each square foot right from 2001 which could be said to be two years ahead of target, carborn intensive in the tesco stores has been reduced to 22% since 2007. http://www.advfn.com/news). in totalty of the approach , tesco has been able to reduce the CO2 by 10% in one year. 2.2.3 Contribution to the Community. Tesco has claimed that its staff has achieved more successful Charity of the Year ever, by raising  £4.4 million for the British Red Cross. it was also claimed that they have donating  £100,000 to the British Red Cross flood appeal last summer, they also make provision for hygiene, foods and bottle water for the affected communities in important part of the south west.( http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.2.4 Contribution to health research programmes tesco has been contributing to health through sponsoring of games and events.it has help over i.5m people to get active this year through wich it has been able to get about 665000 people to take part in 5km running through cancer research UKs Race for life plus 21000 tesco staff. Tesco also runs partnership relationship with football association as way to get 2million people to run up to the London olympic2012. Tesco also run programme in supporting football at the local level as a way of encouraging children to participate in sport events. http://www.advfn.com/news). 2.3 C. policies adopted to improve Health and safety practises at the work place in Tesco In the Tesco health and safety policies, Tesco is foremost concern about the protection of health and safety of all employee, Tesco claimed to have adopted policies and procedures which are aimed at ensuring that the company meet or exceed all applicable health and safety laws and regulation as well as prevailing industry standards For these reasons employees are expected to be aware of how the companys health and safety policies apply to them and conduct their duties and responsibility in compliance with these policies. In 2006 TESCO set a three-year target to reduce the rate of reportable accidents in our UK workplace by 10%. At the end of the first two years we have already comfortably beaten the target, with a reduction of 14%. Reportable customer accidents on premises are also significantly down, by 15% since 2006. Tesco promise to continue to strive to push the rates down even further http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html . The company also affirmed to continue to attract and retain the best staff based on our core value, treat people how we like to be treated, by making Tesco a rewarding place to work.( http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) However these approaches seem to address issue of health and safety as it is being required by law but the interest of the employees was seems not adequately protected. The policies seem to be silence about the importance of training the employees on the better handling of health and safety. This could be confirmed in a recent case of Tesco and one of it is employees. Supermarket chain Tesco was fined  £22,000 after a general assistant lost one of his fingers attempting to fix a Master mover machine. Darryl Mosley was working at Tesco in Haverford west in south West Wales and was trying to use the pedestrian electric tug machine to move roll cages. When he realised the mechanism on the equipment was faulty, he attempted to fix it manually. (Published by Tesco admin on March 27, 2009) In respect to environmental awareness, Tesco have it in its policies to minimize the effect of her operation on the natural environment â€Å"We endeavour to meet all regulation and the industry standards by implementing appropriate measure for the assessment of the potential environmental effects and for appropriate response to any incident that may occurred. Employee is also charge to be familiar with the required environmental standard that applies to their works at Tesco and to comply with these standards at all times. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) TASK 3 3.0 ANALYSIS OF THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND EMPLOYEE WELFARE IN TESCO AND THE APPROACHES IT HAS USED IN MANAGING AND EXPLOITING THE WORKFORCE DIVERSITY FOR ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 3.1 Steps that has been taken in ensuring Workforce Diversity and Employee Welfare in Tesco plc 3.2 Introduction of diversity strategy and policies Tesco want everyone at Tesco to meet their full potential regardless of age, gender, disability, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Tesco diversity strategy and policies aims for a workforce at all levels that mirrors the communities we serve. The priorities reflect those of the countries in which we operate. Tesco focus on employing local people and developing local leaders wherever we operate. Of the 180,000 people employed in their international business, fewer than 200 are from our UK business. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf access on 20th nov.2009) 3.3 Ethnic and cultural diversity TESCO diversity policies do not discriminate on the basis of ethnic origin. and it also promote understanding of different cultures to help employees work effectively together .inter religion approach is encourage by the company as the store in UK celebrate cultural festivals with the British festivals. In other word, it promote .In 2007, this toolkit was updated to cover the growing range of cultures and countries our employees and customers come from, including Bangladesh, the Caribbean, China, Ghana, India, Pakistan, Poland and Somalia. http://www.tescoreports.com/crreview08/downloads/tesco_valuing_our_people.pdf 3.4 Employees to different people of cultural background Introduction of the workforce diversity practices in Tesco has allow the company to enjoy multicultural business advantages , an approach which has made him to capture more market supermarket sector especially in united kingdom where there is full presence of people of different cultural background. Employees of different background are brought together to work in the same company, this facilitate motivation among the workers and therefore lead to hi retentions of the workers in Tesco. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009 3.5 No discrimination on Age ground There is no retirement age in any of the countries where we operate and employ people in their 70s and 80s. In 2007, we launched apprenticeships in the UK for people of all ages to help them develop their careers. 3.6 Gender and sexual Orientation In 2007 the Tesco Womens Network, was launched which aims to help female managers and directors progress. Around 150 women from across the Group attended the launch event. We are in the process of forming a similar network for sexual orientation. http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 3.7 Flexible working TESCO support flexible hours whenever possible. In the UK this includes family-friendly shifts, opportunities for full- and part-time workers, childcare vouchers and career breaks. TESCO also encourage job sharing, flexi-time and compressed hours, shift swaps, home working and part-time working when practical. This has given Tesco the advantage of high commitment and reduces employees turn over. 3.8 Human rights Tesco is committed to upholding basic Human Rights and supports in full the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Labour Organization Core Conventions. Tesco provide a safe working environment for our employees by minimizing foreseeable risks in the workplace. Employees have the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining. http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporate_responsibility_09/people/human_rights/ This create high sense of belonging among the Tesco workers and they trusted their careers with Tesco where they felt their right where been protected. (http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc access on 20th nov.2009) 4.0 CONCLUSION Organisation now find itself in a wider environment that is full of turbulent and unpredictable .This is an important issue that is correcting any myopic thinking that organisation objective is all about profit maximisation , but also to consider the issue of corporate social responsibility as a matter of high priority. No organisation can exist without the environment and the profit objective can also be affected if attention is not given to it .It also bring about the ethical issue that has to do with organisation values and how the corporate organisation relate with the environment. The social responsibilities also involve the organisation culture and value and how the employees are treated in the work place. There would not be any doubt, if corporate social responsibility is an obligation require from individual organisations which could be varies in proportion to the capacity of such organisation and the implication of their service on the environment. In the global context organisation that are Multinational, International Transnational, finds themselves in volatile and conflicting zone of the great corporate social responsibilities. Economic unions ,political groups and other form of pressure groups are in place to make sure that organisation are made to attend to the social responsibility as one of the companys objectives .This has constituted a lot of conflicts in dealing with regulations due to different in regulations and other environmental changes in different countries and continents. The contents of which were differ from each other .It is therefore considered that organisation and the environment could not be separated or treat in isolation one is the function of another :and to make the other work, one need to reciprocate in term of its obligation in the area of responsibilities. Just the way everything seems to have been working for Tesco UK PLC. 4.1 Recommendation As a result of the conclusion to this report the relevant of the corporate responsibilities to organisation performance and to the achievement of the organisation overall goals could no longer be denied. Hence this report will give room for more report on the issue of the CSR and how the organisation can apply that to gain competitive advantage. REFERENCES Richard C. (2006) New Era of Management, Thomson South West, ISE, U K. http//www.eu htt://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles accessed on 23rd November 2009) htt://www.tescocorporate.com/page.aspx?poitend accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescocorporate.com/plc/ir/rns/rnsitem?id=1214847199nRn2d9573Xt=popup_rn .( http/www.tesco.ie/csr/ndex.html) (12-9-09) http://www.advfn.com/news_Final-Results_27119452.html World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Cross Cutting Themes -Corporate Responsibility 2004. Available at http://www.wbcsd.org, accessed May 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1450context=commpapers accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/corporat/ accessed on 2nd December, 2009 http://www.tesco.ie/crreview08/people-progress5.html accessed on 2nd December, 2009

Violence on TV Essay -- Argumentative Argument Media Television

Violence on TV For a long time now the debate has been, and continues to be, as to whether or not violence on television makes children more violent. As with all contentious issues there are both proponents and detractors. This argument has been resurrected in the wake of school shootings, most notably Columbine and Erfurt, Germany; and acts of random violence by teenagers, the murders of two Dartmouth professors. Parents, teachers, pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and FCC Chairmen William Kennard and former Vice President Al Gore say violent TV programming contribute in large part to in violence in young people today. However, broadcasters and major cable TV providers like Cox Communication say that it is the parent’s fault for not making it clear to their kids as what they may or may not watch on TV. The major TV networks and cable providers also state it is the TV industry’s fault as well for not regulating what is shown on TV. So who is the guilty party in this argument of w hether or not TV violence influences of the behavior young people in today’s society? There is a "general consensus among social scientists that television violence increases the propensity to real-life aggression among some viewers," and yet, paradoxically, "there is presently little evidence indicating that violence enhances program popularity" (Diener & DeFour, 1978). Top government studies insist, "violent material is popular" (Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, 1972). Differing conclusions may be viable. One leading social psychologist flatly states, "evidence suggests that violence on television is potentially dangerous, in that it serves as a model for behavior -- especially for children" ... ...ichard. "Chips Ahoy." Time February 19, 1996: 58-61. Aronson, E., The Social Animal, New York: W.H. Freeman and Co., 7th Edition, 1995 Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, Television and growing up: The impact of televised violence, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972 Diener, E. & DeFour, D., "Does Television Violence Enhance Program Popularity?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1978, Vol. 36, No. 3, 333-341 UCLA Center for Communication Policy, Television Violence Monitoring Project, http://ccp.ucla.edu/Webreport94/toc.htm New Statesman & Society, May 17 1996 v9 n403 p27(1) by Alexander Cockburn National Television Violence Study , April 20, 1998 v370 n10 p24(1) by Christopher Stern American Academy of Pediatrics , Pediatrics Vol. 108 No. 5 November 2001 Violence on TV Essay -- Argumentative Argument Media Television Violence on TV For a long time now the debate has been, and continues to be, as to whether or not violence on television makes children more violent. As with all contentious issues there are both proponents and detractors. This argument has been resurrected in the wake of school shootings, most notably Columbine and Erfurt, Germany; and acts of random violence by teenagers, the murders of two Dartmouth professors. Parents, teachers, pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and FCC Chairmen William Kennard and former Vice President Al Gore say violent TV programming contribute in large part to in violence in young people today. However, broadcasters and major cable TV providers like Cox Communication say that it is the parent’s fault for not making it clear to their kids as what they may or may not watch on TV. The major TV networks and cable providers also state it is the TV industry’s fault as well for not regulating what is shown on TV. So who is the guilty party in this argument of w hether or not TV violence influences of the behavior young people in today’s society? There is a "general consensus among social scientists that television violence increases the propensity to real-life aggression among some viewers," and yet, paradoxically, "there is presently little evidence indicating that violence enhances program popularity" (Diener & DeFour, 1978). Top government studies insist, "violent material is popular" (Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, 1972). Differing conclusions may be viable. One leading social psychologist flatly states, "evidence suggests that violence on television is potentially dangerous, in that it serves as a model for behavior -- especially for children" ... ...ichard. "Chips Ahoy." Time February 19, 1996: 58-61. Aronson, E., The Social Animal, New York: W.H. Freeman and Co., 7th Edition, 1995 Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, Television and growing up: The impact of televised violence, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972 Diener, E. & DeFour, D., "Does Television Violence Enhance Program Popularity?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1978, Vol. 36, No. 3, 333-341 UCLA Center for Communication Policy, Television Violence Monitoring Project, http://ccp.ucla.edu/Webreport94/toc.htm New Statesman & Society, May 17 1996 v9 n403 p27(1) by Alexander Cockburn National Television Violence Study , April 20, 1998 v370 n10 p24(1) by Christopher Stern American Academy of Pediatrics , Pediatrics Vol. 108 No. 5 November 2001

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong. How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong.

Summary of Hamlet :: Hamlet William Shakespeare Plays Essays

Summary of Hamlet Hamlet is the son of the late King Hamlet (of Denmark), who died two months before the start of the play. After King Hamlet's death, his brother, Claudius, becomes king, and marries King Hamlet's widow, Gertrude (Queen of Denmark). Young Hamlet fears that Claudius killed his own brother (Hamlet's father) to become king of Denmark, greatly angering Hamlet. Two officers, Marcellus and Barnardo, summon Hamlet's friend Horatio, and later Hamlet himself to see the late King Hamlet's ghost appear at midnight. The ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius had indeed murdered King Hamlet by pouring poison in his ear. Hamlet is further enraged and plots of how to revenge his father's death. In his anger, Hamlet seems to act like a madman, prompting King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet and figure out why he is acting mad. Hamlet even treats Polonius' daughter Ophelia rudely, prompting Polonius to believe Hamlet is madly in love with her, though Claudius expects otherwise. Polonius, a man who talks too long- windedly, had allowed his son Laertes to go to France (then sent Reynaldo to spy on Laertes) and had ordered Ophelia not to associate with Hamlet. Claudius, fearing Hamlet may try to kill him, sends Hamlet to England. Before leaving, however, Hamlet convinces an acting company to reenact King Hamlet's death before Claudius, in the hopes of causing Claudius to break down and admit to murdering King Hamlet. Though Claudius is enraged, he does not admit to murder. Hamlet's mother tries to reason with Hamlet after the play, while Polonius spied on them from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him through the curtain, thinking the person is Claudius. When finding out the truth, Hamlet regrets the death, yet Claudius still sends him to England, accompanied by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with orders from Claudius that the English kill Hamlet as soon as her arrives. After Hamlet leaves, Laertes returns from France, enraged over Polonius' death. Ophelia reacts to her father's death with utter madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns, further angering Laertes. En route to England, Hamlet finds the orders and changes them to order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed, as does occur, though Hamlet is kidnapped by pirates one day later. The pirates return Hamlet to Claudius (for a ransom), and Claudius tries one last attempt to eliminate Hamlet: he arranges a sword duel between Laertes and Hamlet.

Identity and Language

Belongingness is not just a simple word to imply being in a crowd or with the crowd, instead it also tackles that the individual fit in and feel right with the people, the environment and the situation he is in. A person, as a social being, naturally would want to create bond and belong to a certain group or society. Yet, there is also a deep emphasis that is connected with the expression of oneself or identity. Identity refers to a person’s background generally. It is not simply limited to one’s name, social status and age but it also includes ethnicity, capabilities and attainments.To express identity is to stress on the difference between the person and the group where he belongs. Thus, belongingness and identity somehow shares a paradoxical relationship as indicated by Rodriguez in his essay ‘Public and Private Language’ (1982). Rodriguez tries presents his experience being a bilingual in the American Society. Rodriguez discusses the difference between the private and the public spheres focusing on the role of language to produce an identity, which promotes public access to university, jobs and society.In Rodriguez work, he undermines the importance of having a private individuality, which is designated by the use of native language at home. Since private language is something that the whole family understands and a way by which the entire family express, it becomes the family individuality. To this end, it creates a wall around the person that blocks the way to understand and appreciate the words and sounds he hear in school, on the streets and even in the television. It somehow deprived the individual an access to the public sphere, which results to ignorance of the society.Being able to speak a public language enables the person to communicate his thoughts to another person. It gives the person the power to express himself more effectively and interact with the whole society. To this end, it is a disadvantage if a person will c onfine himself within the private language inside the family. As Rodriguez noted, the lack of the capability to express one-self and to assert one’s thought in the public language makes a person shy, silent and scared to be laugh at or be considered as a fool.It therefore takes away some access to public societies such as making friends, engaging in civic groups. Every word utter by the person in private language is considered as an indiscernible codes for those who find the language as a foreign language. Often times, this results to stereotypes and marginalized view placed by the society. If one will not be able to set up a public individuality, chances are that the public would give the person a public identity instead. Meaning, a person is not forced to recognize a public identity yet using private language delineate him from participating in the public sphere.This gives the public a change to marginalize the person along with those people with the same ethnic background. Therefore, a language can affect or even shape a person’s identity. Take for example what Rodriguez pointed out when he tries to emphasize how the teachers try their best to get him to speak in the class. Having different private and public languages keep the person away from other people. Since he could not fully understand what people around him speak about, he could not make friends. He develops fear or inferiority when speaking with other people.Although he has a positive private identity at home, his relationship with the people in the English-speaking world is known to demonstrate public isolation. He could not feel a sense of belongingness from the outside of his family’s home. A great gap undermines societal productivity and involvement exists. Rodriguez further emphasized that the private language used at home is designed to express personal thoughts and opinion while the public language is a way to make other people know how you understand things.In school o r the university, the public language serves as a standard to which discussions and information are conveyed. It makes a child ‘socially disadvantage’, as illustrated by Rodriguez, if he cannot communicate his thoughts well in school. A public silence engulfs the child making him feel ‘alien’ in the public world. The child will not be able to answer the questions in class. He would not be able to chat with other people. On the other hand, being able to speak the public language would yield to beneficial results.It can improve the social interaction of the child with other kids. Moreover, it helps the child to understand the lessons more coherently. It might as well improve the child’s self-confidence. Since language affects a person’s identity, it is crucial in gaining access not only to universities but to a job and social status as well. Since the United States is considered as a melting pot, then it is inevitable that a certain universal la nguage must be set in the society and the work place to help one culture communicate with another.Despite the fact that personal and private identities served their importance in individualism, it cannot create understanding between two people speaking different language. Thus, it is important for people to posses a public identity which will transcend the ethnical and/or cultural diversity in the society. Rodriguez also elaborated how the ‘sounds and the words becomes tightly wedded’ as he successfully immerse to the English (public) language. Nonetheless, he also recognized the fact that being educated with the public language negatively affects the private identity that the family formerly holds.Changes occur as the use of another language is being learned and the private language is kept in silence. On one hand, there seems to be a door, which opens to the public world. It is as if fences are cut down, to help the family look over, and enjoy the society. Therefore, the family becomes a part of the society and not anymore in the private sphere. On the other hand, the family becomes more absorbed in the society that they do not express themselves in the same way. There are also changes in the way that family members see the other members as apart of their family and of the society.Indeed, despite all the benefits of engaging in the public language, there are still some pitfalls. The fact that the parents are not being able to adjust as fast and as well as their children in using the public language creates a fissure in the relationship inside the family. The dominant language marginalized or excludes the ethnic or foreign speakers at the time that the merge between different cultures starts. Certain groups might feel that they are not given enough opportunity and a language barrier might stem into different misunderstandings (in the public sphere such as university and work place).The marginalized groups might feel oppressed and even more; they might want to have the opportunity to express themselves in their native tongue. With this in mind, they could either seclude themselves from the public or learn to speak the public language. Becoming bilingual indeed lessen the individuality of the person’s private association. Nonetheless, it also empowers the person’s public identity. As stated above, the United States is supposedly a melting pot. That is, assimilation of different cultures are greatly promoted or at least emphasized.For assimilation to occur, a public language must be used especially when dealing with public matters. Private languages obstruct the absorption of culture and limit the person’s ability to communicate in the public. I agree with Rodriguez when he emphasized the importance of public language. It is indeed a tool that a person can use to communicate and create a public life. Indeed, it is something that determines a person’s access to various public institutions. Nonetheles s, I disagree with how Rodriguez evaluates the importance of the private identity.It seems, as though, Rodriguez does not see its importance in the person’s cultural identity. Becoming too much submerged in the process of assimilation, a person might as well loss his/her personal culture. Thus, if a person would grow up and adapts the public culture, most specifically language, he moves away from his own cultural identity. At the end, there will only be a dominant public culture and the assimilation and the presence of other culture would not be anymore visible.The cultural identity of a group would diminish especially if children will not be able to be educated with the private language, identity and culture. The child would see himself as an American rather than a Spanish American. It takes him away from his origin/s deluding his history with that of the American history. It replaces his language as well as his identity as a whole. There is also the issue, as discussed by R odriguez, of broken communication at home. Since parents are not as well adept with the English language, communication becomes a problem. Works Cited: Rodriguez, R. Public and Private Language. (1982).